Pebbles Game

4.4

5 votes
Ad-Hoc, Data Structures, Easy, One-dimensional
Problem

Given 2N pebbles of N different colors, where there exists exactly 2 pebbles of each color, you need to arrange these pebbles in some order on a table. You may consider the table as an infinite 2D plane.

The pebbles need to be placed under some restrictions :

  1. You can place a pebble of color X, at a coordinate (X,Y) such that Y is not equal to X, and there exist 2 pebbles of color Y.

In short consider you place a pebble of color i at co-ordinate (X,Y). Here, it is necessary that (i=X) , (i!=Y) there exist some other pebbles of color equal to Y.

Now, you need to enclose this arrangement within a boundary , made by a ribbon. Considering that each unit of the ribbon costs M, you need to find the minimum cost in order to make a boundary which encloses any possible arrangement of the pebbles. The ribbon is sold only in units (not in further fractions).

Input Format:

First line consists of an integer T denoting the number of test cases. The First line of each test case consists of two space separated integers denoting N and M.

The next line consists of N space separated integers, where the ith integer is A[i], and denotes that we have been given exactly 2 pebbles of color equal to A[i]. It is guaranteed that A[i]!=A[j], if i!=j

Output Format:

Print the minimum cost as asked in the problem in a separate line for each test case.

Constraints:

1T50

3N105

1M105

1A[i]106 ; where 1iN

Sample Input
1
3 5
1 2 3
Sample Output
35
Time Limit: 1
Memory Limit: 256
Source Limit:
Explanation

An arrangement can be :
Pebbles of color 1: (1,2) , (1,3)
Pebbles of color 2: (2,1) , (2,3)
Pebbles of color 3: (3,1) , (3,2)
The length of ribbon required is= 6.828427125
The cost of ribbon is = 7*5=35 as we have to buy ribbon in units.
This arrangement's boundary covers all possible arrangements.

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